This paper utilizes FDS to study the smoke propagation/movement in large shopping centers (malls). It was also used for other programming aspects such as heat/smoke detectors, sprinklers, etc. In the present investigation, PyroSim program was used as interface software to construct the architecture of the investigated mall, and computational domain and mesh. Throughout its development, FDS has been aimed at solving practical fire problems in fire protection engineering, while at the same time providing a tool to study fundamental fire dynamics and combustion. Smokeview is the companion visualization program that can be used to display the output of FDS. FDS is free software developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST) of the United States Department of Commerce, in cooperation with VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. The software solves numerically a large eddy simulation ( LES) form of the Navier-Stokes equations appropriate for low-speed, thermally-driven flow, with an emphasis on smoke and heat transport from fires. Keywords: Fire Dynamics Simulation, Smoke Propagation, Shopping Center (Mall)įire dynamics simulator ( FDS) is a computational fluid dynamics ( CFD) program of fire-driven fluid flow. The smoke propagation/movement is highly affected by the architecture of the building and the type of activities inside it. The present results explain how fast the smoke may spread in such buildings and its mechanism to move from one floor to another. Part II considers corresponding four scenarios of evacuation. Part I concerns four scenarios of fire simulation. It has five gates, one elevator, four escalators and five emergency exit stairs.
It contains 144 stores in the ground floor and 56 stores in the upper floor. The mall occupies 50,753 m 2 and has two main floors. This computational study covers the possibilities of smoke propagation and evacuation due to hazardous fires in a large shopping center (mall) in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Fires in closed malls, patronized by lots of people, can cause many fatalities among panicked people running and pushing to get out of these burning places and great damage to the property itself.
Abstract: Malls like any retailing centers face exposure for a host of risks including fire, which is no stranger to shopping malls.
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